PK Solutions filling the gap for noncompartmental pharmacokinetic software

Screen Shots and Function Tour

Take a tour of PK Solutions - the leading software for
"easy, fast, and comprehensive pharmacokinetics data analysis."


Easiest pharmacokinetics software availableSummitPK Pharmacokinetics software for research and education Noncompartmental pharmacokinetics software for research and educationData Setup Pharmacokinetics software for research and education Easy, Excel, interactive, comprehensiveData Analysis Most complete program availableCurve Fit Download a copyCurve Areas
Get a free compilation of 75 PK equationsSingle Dose PK Results Join the worldwide users of PK SolutionsMultiple Dose PK Results Join the worldwide users of PK SolutionsReport Page Pharmacokinetics software for research and education Noncompartmental pharmacokinetics software for research and educationTest Data Pharmacokinetics software for research and education

SummitPK.com Presents . . .

  • PK Solutions is based on an Excel template containing VBA code. The program runs in any version of Excel (from ver 5.0 on) and with any Windows OS (from ver 3.1 thru XP). An idential Macintosh version is also available.
 
  • To start PK Solutions, click on the template icon. Each time the template icon is clicked, a new workbook of the program is made, ready for use. The original template is never changed and is always available to produce a new copy.
 
  • You can create as many PK Solutions workbook files as needed. Each can be renamed and saved. Each can perform and contain as few or as many pharmacokinetic runs as desired.
 
  • With the exception that the code and certain workspace components are secured and protected from alteration, the program can take advantage of all the functions and features available within Excel.
  • The tabs at the bottom of the opening spreadsheet each represent a main step in the use of PK Solutions. This tour will progress through each tab in turn.
  • How easy is PK Solutions? As you follow this tour, note that all that is needed to conduct a comprehensive pharmacokinetics analysis is (1) enter your data and click on some setup functions in the Data Setup sheet, then (2) use your mouse to easily work through the graphical Data Analysis page. That's all! All calculations are instantly completed and the results and graphs available for viewing in the remaining tabbed sheets.
  PK Solutions - designed for easy, fast, and comprehensive pharmacokinetics data analysis

 

Data Setup

  • The Data Setup sheet provides a compact area for setting up a pharmacokinetic analysis, including entering the data, selecting units, and defining the dose route and other run options.
  • PK Solutions calculates and graphs pharmacokinetic results either from time-concentration data sets or from the parameter values of exponential terms, as indicated on the Select Calculation Mode button.
  • The Select Dose Route button provides the options of Oral or Intravenous as the route of administration. "Oral" is used as a shortcut term and includes any extravascular route, such as i.m, s.c, i.p, etc.
  • Select units from the drop-down list, or add your own.
  • Click the New Data Set button to start the analysis.
  PK Solutions Data Setup sheet - the easy way to do pharmacokinetics

 

Data Analysis

  • This simple, clear interface sets a new standard of ease and flexiblility for curve stripping kinetic data. Immediate visual feedback makes selection of first order regression lines as simple as point-and-click.
  • Affords easy extraction of the intercept and rate parameters of up to three exponential terms of the type:A*exp(-a*t).
  • Clicking the Show Data button reveals a table of the plotting data.
  • The first module is used to obtain the exponential parameters for the elimination phase. Subtraction of the regression line yields a residual curve that is plotted in the second module ready for extrating the second set of exponential parameters. Up to three exponential terms can be obtained. Note the term "Absorption" for the final module is arbitrary. This may apply to an "oral" dose, but with an i.v. dose, it simply means a phase of the curve.
  • Click the Define Terms button and PK Solutions instantly calculates the AUC and computes some 60 single and projected multiple dose parameters; including several curves. It is that easy!
  PK Solutions provides full user control and the easiest interface for performing curve stripping

 

Curve Fit

  • The Curve Fit page has two work areas, as illustrated in the next three screen shots.
  • Use of the Curve Fit sheet is optional. This is a stand-alone sheet and does not affect any of the other results.
  • The curve fitting work area automatically applies the method of least squares to obtain a set of disposition constants (intercepts and rates) that produce the best curve of the raw concentration-time data.
  • The initial intercept and rate constants for the curve fitting routine are taken either from those supplied in the Imported Exponential Terms table on the Data Setup sheet, or those obtained during the Data Analysis session (see above).
  • PK Solutions automatically sets up the data table based on the user Data Setup options and Data Analysis results. Clicking the Apply Curve Fit button begins the curve fit routine (which is shown in action) and results in filling in the Fit column in the Curve Comparison table.
  PK Solutions will help you be an instant expert in obtaining pharmacokinetic results

 

  • The two graphs automatically update after evry time the curve fitting procedure is run.
  • The upper graph plots the best fit concentration-time values calculated for each best fit exponential term. This graph also includes a plot of the composite of all terms, which describes the best fit curve for the whole dataset.
  • The second graph is an overlay of two plots. The symbols (circles) represent the actual raw data values. The smooth curve represents the best fit curve describing all the data, as obtained from the curve fitting procedure. This graph thus shows the variation of the raw data around the best fit curve.
  • The curve fitting data table is automatically constructed by PK Solutions and the graphs are instantly updated - all you have to do is click the Apply Run Curve button.
  • Any chart in PK Solutions can be modified and/or copied into another document or presentation using standard Excel operations.
  Instant results and useful graphs - the easy way to do pharmacokinetics

 

  • The Curve Fit sheet also contains a Plot Imported Terms work area. This is an optional work area and does not affect any of the other results.
  • The purpose of this work area is to illustrate the concentration-time graph based on the sum of exponential terms that describe the dataset. The intercept and rate constants for each exponential term can be manually input in the top table. Alternately, the "Copy Terms..." button will use the data in the Imported Exponential Terms table (Data Setup sheet).
  • The chart display automatically updates with every change in the Import or Input Exponential Terms table.
  • The values driving the chart display are shown in the table bottom table. This too, automatically updates.
  • The literature frequently contains concentration expressions that appear similar to the following:
    C=-147*exp(-0.42*t) + 43*exp(-0.03*t)
    With PK Solutions, you can input the disposition constants from up to three exponential terms as the source data for calculating all the PK results, and you can use this plot utility to even draw the original plasma level curve. (/UL>
   PK Solutions helps you see and understand pharmacokinetics in action

 

Curve Areas

  • The Curve Areas sheet is automatically set up and completed each time the New Data Set button is clicked. No user inputs are required on this sheet. The Curve Areas sheet can be used independently from other program features to provide AUC calculations from any data set.
  • The sheet displays all basic calculations for the area under the curve (AUC) and the first moment of the area (AUMC). Areas are calculated using the trapezoid rule. The literature shows that other area measurement methods, such as the log-trapezoid, spline, and others do not statistically improve the accuracy of the area measurements given the variance inherent in the data and the limited number of observations. Therefore, PK Solutions uses the simple trapezoid procedure.
  • The area results for each each segmentof the curve (partials) are tabulated and graphed. This novel display is primarily useful in bioequivalence studies.
  • Many PK parameters can be determined using either AUC data or exponential terms. In these cases, PK Solutions shows both results.
  PK Solutions puts all the data in your hands in a clear, useful way

 

Single Dose Pharmacokinetic Results

  • The Single Dose PK sheets provides a table of all the pharmacokinetic parameters computed by PK Solutions.
  • Results are grouped in logical categories. Where possible, parameter results are computed using both graphical (area measurement) and exponential term calculations. The type of calculation used is noted in parethesis as (area) or (expo), respectively. The User Guide contains a complete description of all formulas and calculations.
  • For parameters whose results are based on the sum of contributing exponential terms, both the sum and the individual term contributions are shown.
  • The sheet layout and results are automatically generated when the Define Terms button on the Data Analysis page is clicked.
  • This is a multi-purpose sheet able to display results from any Data Setup and Data Analysis run. Results that are not applicable to the setup are greyed-out. The Display Options list box gives seven options to highlight various types of results.
  • Short notes assist the user in determining the relevance and purpose of each parameter.
  Comprehensive display of pharmacokinetic results is what makes PK Solutions the easy way to do PK

 

Multiple Dose Pharmacokinetic Results

  • The Multiple Dose PK sheet uses the single dose results along with a user-defined dose interval (tau) to project kinetic values for multiple dosing.
  • Like the single dose sheet, the multiple dose sheet is automatically configured and the results calculated when when the Define Terms button on the Data Analysis page is clicked.
  • The results table and graph that initially appear on the Multiple Dose PK sheet vary to reflect the dose route selected during setup. The top screen shows the layout based on an "oral" or extravascular dose. The bottom screen shows the layout for an intravenous dose.
  • By default, the initial display shows the calculated multiple dose results based on a dose interval set at the elimination half-life. Changing the tau value instantly recalculates the affected parameters and updates the graph.
  PK Solutions goes the extra step to make pharmacokinetics easy

 

  • Screen shot of the Muliple Dose PK sheet that appears when the intravenous dose route is selected.
  • The graph can be moved to reveal the underlying Notes using the blue rearrangment buttons.
  • Options for user inputs and interactions are uniformly displayed in bold red type throughout PK Solutions. The intravenous multiple dose sheet contains a special section for Ad Hoc Intravenous Calculations, including three that allow user interaction.
  PK Solutions makes pharmacokinetics accessible to everyone

 

Report

  • The Report page allows capture of the complete list of 90 pharmacokinetic results present within PK Solutions at any time. Clicking the Capture Results buttons adds a new results column. Up to 254 columns of data can be collected on a single sheet.
  • The Rows and Columns button toggles between displaying and hiding the row and column headers. When these are showing, the columns and rows can be rearranged in any manner desired in preparation for further analysis, cut and pasting, or exporting to another application.
  • The Select View button brings up the dialog box below, which provides several options to adjust the display of captured results.
  • Besides assembling results for printing, the Report page provides a convenient area for applying statistics. Since the individual parameter results for each run are captured in rows, it is easy to apply statistics for the entire row. Simple statistics can include the average, mean, standard deviation for a parameter. Excel has a wealth of statistical functions that can be used. Alternately, the data can be exported to another application.
  • While the Report page can capture the results from several subjects or study animals for comparison, it can also be used to capture changes for a single run resulting from user user-interactions, such as modifying the dose interval on the multiple dose page. In fact, capture can be done at any time and the resulting columns rearranged later to suit the user's needs.
  75 calculations with the click of a button - easy PK Solutions

 

  • The dialog box that appears when the Select View button is clicked.
  • Since all results are retained, you can select or de-select any option without loosing data.
    		  Customize your outputs to make presentations and reports look great

     

    Test Data

    • The Test Data sheet display the results of seven PK Solutions analyses of data taken from the literature. Three of these are shown in the screen shot. The runs include "oral" and intravenous data sets with two to three exponential terms.

    • The Test Data page serves three important functions:

      Validation. Concentration-time values were taken from the literature reference cited. PK Solutions was run to compute the results indicated. The results can be compared with those presented in the literature, which are highlighted in bold red type. In all cases, the literature results validate the results obtained by PK Solutions within reasonable error.

      Verification. The record of results obtained with prior runs can be used to verify the continuing reliability and accuracy of subsequent runs. This verification record is useful as a quality control measure to test PK Solutions on a maintenance schedule, as well as for performance between computers, operating systems, and versions of Microsoft Excel.

      Training. The 7 data sets encompass and illustrate the most likely range of plasma level curves likely to be encountered. Below each dataset is a button that moves the data set to the Data Setup sheet. Users can thus run through each or any of the seven test sets, comparing their Data Analysis sheet settings and final outcomes with those of the test data.

      		   PK Solutions is designed to meet GLP and CFR 21 Part 11 regulations

       

      Download a copy of the PK Solutions Tour here or from the download page. Or Contact Us to request the tour.

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      Contact: DFarrier@SummitPK.com
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